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Intraosseous (IO) access is a rapid and effective method for administering medications and fluids, especially in emergency situations where intravenous access is difficult or impossible. The most commonly used sites for intraosseous access are typically areas where the bone is close to the skin and a large enough medullary cavity exists.
The humeral head is frequently used because it provides a good flow of fluids and medications, as well as an accessible route in emergency scenarios. The proximal tibia is a standard site due to its proximity to the skin and its adequate medullary cavity. Similarly, the distal tibia can be accessed safely for intraosseous infusion, particularly in pediatric patients.
In contrast, the femoral head is not a recognized site for intraosseous access in standard practices. It presents several challenges, including the depth and size of the femoral head compared to the other sites. Accessing the femoral head could also lead to complications due to the proximity of major blood vessels and nerves. Therefore, it is not typically employed as a location for intraosseous access in emergency medical situations. This makes it the correct choice, as it does not conform to the established sites used for this procedure.