What three symptoms are described in Cushing's triad?

Cushing's triad is a clinical syndrome indicative of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and is characterized by a specific set of vital sign changes that occur in response to the pressure on the brain. The correct combination of symptoms includes hypertension, bradycardia, and increased pulse pressure.

Hypertension occurs as a compensatory mechanism by the body in response to increased intracranial pressure; the body attempts to maintain cerebral perfusion by increasing systemic blood pressure. Bradycardia follows as a result of increased intracranial pressure affecting brainstem function, which can lead to a decrease in heart rate. Increased pulse pressure is a key component of this triad, reflecting the widening gap between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, often due to the autonomic nervous system's response.

This combination of symptoms is important for early recognition in emergency settings, as it can indicate a serious neurological condition that requires immediate medical intervention. Being able to identify Cushing's triad is critical for tactical paramedics, as it informs their assessment and treatment strategies for patients who may be experiencing life-threatening conditions related to elevated intracranial pressure.