What complication can occur when suction on a chest tube exceeds 20 cm of water?

When suction on a chest tube exceeds 20 cm of water, the risk of worsening lung collapse becomes significant. The purpose of placing a chest tube is to facilitate the re-expansion of the lung by removing air (in the case of pneumothorax) or fluid (in the case of pleural effusion or hemothorax) from the pleural space. However, excessive suction can create a negative pressure that is so strong it may lead to a further collapse of the lung tissue instead of aiding in its expansion. This is particularly important to monitor in patients with pre-existing lung conditions or those whose lung may already be compromised.

In contrast, while pneumothorax and hemothorax are complications that can occur in other contexts, they are not directly caused by the level of suction applied to a chest tube. A latex allergy is unrelated to the suction pressure applied to the chest tube and pertains instead to a reaction to latex materials. Understanding the correct application and limits of suction in chest tube management is critical for ensuring patient safety and effective treatment.