What are common adverse reactions to blood transfusions?

Hypotension and tachycardia are commonly associated with adverse reactions to blood transfusions due to their implications in the physiological response to the introduction of foreign substances into the bloodstream. When a blood transfusion is administered, the body may react to the transfused blood as though it were foreign, leading to hemolytic reactions, which can cause a significant drop in blood pressure (hypotension) and an increased heart rate (tachycardia) as the heart tries to compensate for the lower blood volume and maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs.

These reactions are critical to identify and manage promptly in a clinical setting since they can indicate a serious and potentially life-threatening situation such as acute hemolytic transfusion reaction or an allergic reaction. Recognizing these vital signs can help healthcare providers take immediate action to safeguard the patient's well-being.

While itching and rashes, nausea and vomiting, and headache and dizziness can also occur as reactions to blood transfusions, they are generally less concerning and indicative of serious reactions compared to the life-threatening implications of hypotension and tachycardia. Understanding the most severe reactions is crucial for tactical paramedics who may need to respond swiftly in emergency situations.